A Confucian Approach to Paternalistic Leadership and Ethical Judgement Research Paper

A Confucian Approach to Paternalistic Leadership and Ethical Judgement in Chinese Management - query Paper ExampleMethodology The research uses a belles-lettres review to collect and collate previous researches dealing with the topic and then conducts a faultfinding review and analysis of the literary productions to develop research propositions. Findings It is found that the Paternalistic Leadership style is infrapinned by the Confucian principles and collectivism and that the Paternalistic leaders atomic number 18 able to influence ethical judgment and decision making. Practical Implications It is highlighted that in spite of the numerous advantages associated with the Paternalistic Leadership style there are also several concerns associated with its utility in the modern day globalized and highly competitive business environment. Original Value The current research highlights the gap in the literature regarding comprehensive research that can test the utility of Paternalist ic Leadership Style in the context of globalization. 2. Introduction The teachings of Confucius ware had a very thick influence on the Chinese society. The Government of china also adopted these principles as official philosophy of the state for centuries until they adopted the one-third Principles of the People when the soil embraced Republicanism. This study takes a look at Confucianism and Its Cultural Context in China and explores how Confucianism relates positively to collectivism in Chinese pagan contexts. According to Confucianism, raw material tenets of humanism include principles that guide relationships, promote collectivism and guide ethical standards. The basic principles of Confucianism have a profound impact on the way Chinese organizations operate. The current paper aims to explore the cultural underpinnings of the Paternalistic Leadership styles adopted by the Chinese organizations and also to develop possible implications for the same. The research uses an ex haustive literature review where journal articles are researched and an exhaustive collection of previous research and theories on the subject is obtained. The collected articles are reviewed for their relevance to the topic and then collated under themes that are then discussed critically in the following literature review. 2. Literature Review and Propositions Development (1) Confucianism and Its Cultural Context in China The teachings of Confucius have had a very deep influence on the Chinese society. The Government of China also adopted these principles as official philosophy of the state for centuries until they adopted the Three Principles of the People when the nation embraced Republicanism. This study takes a look at Confucianism and Its Cultural Context in China and explores how Confucianism relates positively to collectivism in Chinese cultural contexts. According to Confucianism, basic tenets of humanism include principles that guide relationships, promote collectivism an d guide ethical standards. The basic principles of Confucianism can be seen manifested in the culture of China as discussed below. Confucianism Guides Relationships in Chinese Culture According to the philosophy of Confucius, each individual has been given a specific role and he or she has to execute these duties. The way in which relationships are conducted has been dictated by the Confucian philosophy. For example, according to Wu Lun, there are five relationships that should be carried out in proper path giving respect to the hierarchy. These relationships are between ruler and subject father and son elder brother and younger brother, husband and wife and between friends. In the first four ones, there is a clear hierarchy, where one person has the authority over the others. This means that the superior factor in the relationship have the power to rule over the other factor (Bailey, 2011). Therefore, ruler, father, elder brother and

Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 7

Exam - Essay ExampleThe most prevalent theory of emptor behavior in respect of marketing activities is the Utility Theory. This theory proposes that buyers make decisions based on the expected result of their decisions (Bray, 2012). Buyers employ a rational behaviour when choosing commodities to consume that is, they are concerned with self interest. Marketers are always aware that buyers bequeath only consider the results and services that achieve the highest level of satisfaction. With this knowledge, companies produce intersection points that equalise the buyers needs. This theory views a buyer as a rational man. Companies are warpd by this behaviour to design a product or service that will be desirable to the buyers. Marketing activities pitch to focus on research and pricing domain of the product or service.There are various factors that influence consumers according to contemporary research on buyer behaviour. Buyer behaviour arises from the objective of satisfying a ne ed. This stage advances in information search on a product that satisfies the need. The buyer then evaluates various alternatives obtained from information search. A purchase intention arises from the evaluation of alternatives. The purchase intention triggers the buyer to buy the product or service, consumes it, and then disposes it. This is the complete view of buyer behaviour. Marketers are aware that buyer behaviour advances from a need to the actual transaction. Marketing activities will tend to focus on promoting their products and services. This promotion creates awareness that is, it sensitizes the potential buyers about a particular product or service being offered.Buyers tend to apply a cognitive approach when deciding on which products or services to consume. This approach focuses on the buyers observed behaviour to intrapersonal cognition. The experience achieved from the previous use of a product or service

Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Supply Chain Management - Essay ExampleRetail supply bondage in the fashion industry ar networks distributions options which performers the roles of procurement of, conversion of the materials into intermediary and finished goods, and the distributing of these end products to customers. Supply chains exist in both service of process and manufacturing organizations, although the complexity of the chain may vary greatly from industry to industry and firm to firm. (Rhys, 2005)Codes of conduct of an organization or a company, define the respectable standards that are developed by the Organization or Company. Therefore, the two go together. There has to be a document that describes the responsibilities of the company towards the bulk that it regularly gets in border with. For accompany to ensure that the inscribes of conduct are complied with its employees, it sets up programs to ensure that the employees are made aware of the existing codes of conduct put in place by the company. This is also to carry out audit compliance. It is the process of measuring, evaluating, reporting, and adapting a companys social impact and ethical behaviour in light o fits values and expectations of the people it gets in contact with. This is often difficult for most companies to undertake alone. Therefore a more practical approach is them using existing certifications like ISO 9001 and ISO 14001. The latter(prenominal) is concerned with safety issues while the former dictates the aspects involving the environment. The two issues are the ones that are responsible for continued innovation. There are other certifications which protect Companies from various problems in their day to day operations. Example, there is one that protects suppliers from customers unethical behaviors. Labour conditions are also set by some of the certifications. In general, the is-certifications and codes of conduct improve on the accountability of a company to its stakeholders and employees. (Sternberg, et al.2000).This paper will try and examine the ethical social responsibility and environmental considerations of a fashion company run in the UK. The open frameIn the last ten years or so, The Gap Company has underwent a course of vibrant growth through its various(a) trademarks (Gap, Gap Kids, Banana Republic, Baby Gap Store, Gap Shoe Stores,) which the company markets and have a direct control all through the world. Following this success, Gap Company since 1999, became the second largest apparel retailer stores. The company, which usually subcontracts every one of its production, has since formulated a code of conduct that creates company selection criterion and the limited ways of submission. The company in emphasizing the way it values it code of conduct has undertaken services of an external monitoring company to monitor how its ethical code of conducts is followed. (Gap, 2008)EthicsCompanies viewThe ethical standing of products is has of late become a main concern of man y consumers. Presently the fashion industry is undertaking ethical fashion as championed by fashion designer Hamnett Katherine, at the present moment GAP as a company view with a herd of seriousness and it has undertaken strategies to ensure that

Event management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Event management - Essay Example9). Events tend to have a range of social, cultural, political, frugal and surroundingsal impact on the regions and avenues where they atomic number 18 held and organized (Getz 2007). In that context, way out management happens to be a large scale activity involving the processes and strategies as per which the events are planned, choreographed and presented. And, not to say, events do have the potential to have a positive or negative impact on the varied social, economic, cultural and political aspects of the environment amidst which an event is organized. The modern day events have a range of stakeholders associated with them and the events stakeholder management involves managing the expectations of every entity associated with an event or is bound to be impacted by the outputs or deliverables of an event (Business Tourism Partnership Mission 2007). Hence, event impact and events stakeholder management happen to be the integral aspects of events management process, taking care of which assures a broadloom and viable management and delivery of any event. Event Impact Event impact in its scope tends to be a very broad found concept. Simply speaking event impact may be considered to be the consequences bore by the event environment including the human population in which any public or private event is held and the way in which an event alters the social life, economy, cultural aspects, political considerations and environment in which the event is organized and held (Maughan & Bianchini 2004). It goes without verbal expression that any event always has an economic, social, cultural and environmental impact on the environment in which the event is organized (Dwyer, Forsyth & Spurr 2005). The ramifications of these impacts may be positive or negative. The present day events do not occur in isolation, but do tend to have interrelated interactions and links with a much large picture involving leisure, hospitality industry, to urism, entertainment and environment (Lee & Taylor 2004). Events do tend to entice local and international visitors, who are either directly related to the production and giving medication of the event or tend to participate in a passive way as spectators (Small, Edwards & Sheridan 2005, pp. 67). Visitors affiliated to either of the two classifications may tend to accept and avail varied other industries and environments associated with an event, thereby having a direct impact on a variety of factors related to or associated with an event (Getz 2007b). Hence, it goes without saying that the coetaneous events are replete with many associated impacts and consequences. Attendance tends to be the most visible and potent impact of an event that facilitates a direct assessment of an events popularity and coverage (Raj 2003). Besides, attending is the entity that facilitates a basis for expecting and assessing a range of other impacts associated with any event (Raj 2003). Also, when it comes to the economic impact of any event, the organization of an event at a particular locale may give way to a range of economic impacts on the local and national economy (Connell & Page 2005, pp. 63). Thereby, economic impact of an event

The impact that the increasing concern of how alcohol consumption Research Paper

The impact that the increasing concern of how inebriant consumption affects the rate of interpersonal violence has had on biologis - Research Paper spokespersonThe second category includes offences where the alcohol consumption is considered to constitute played a part such as the offender being under the alcohols influence at the time of offense. Some offences usually committed by individuals under alcohol influence include criminal damage, interpersonal violence, assault, etc. (Institute of intoxicant Stu fits 3). It has been found that the use of drugs and alcohol by young people institutes lots of risks such as academic, personal, safety, health, relationships and the danger of getting addicted. However, one of the most important risks is the acquaintance between drugs, alcohol and crime. In fact, millions of people each course of instruction argon victims of alcohol or drug related crime, admitting millions of youngsters. Around 600,000 students, of ages between 18 and 24, are attacked by an other intoxicated student. Among the campus crimes, around 95% involve the consumption of alcohol by the assaulter or the victim, or both. Moreover, 90% of associate internal assault and rape on campus involve the consumption of alcohol by the assaulter or the victim, or both. This paper is more focused on the cause of alcohol consumption within Finland therefore most details will include the research on Finns with regards to alcohol consumption. ... Around 1,500 individuals are noticed to die due to an ailment associated with alcohol consumption, and around 1,000 individuals die due to violence and accidents as a result of alcohol consumption. Alcohol consumption is more universal among the young population (Karlsson et al. 498508). For the past twenty years, various societal changes have regulated the Finnish alcohol discipline. Three most prominent changes include the exclamatory economic upswing that occurred in the last years of 1980s, as Finland went th rough a serious economic recession in the early 1990s. Similarly Finland united with the European Union (EU) in January 1995, which presumed a novel Alcohol Act. The epoch of sixty years of extensive alcohol monopoly arrangement was ended by this Act, but Alko, the posit owned alcohol monopoly, still remained with its exclusive right of off-premise sale as a retailer. Moreover, in January 2004, the travelers import quotas for alcohol were abandoned from the other EU members, while in March the excise duties on alcohol were declined and then Estonia was made an EU member in May of the same year (Karlsson et al. 497). Significant tax changes in the excise duties on alcohol, the easily accessibility of alcoholic beverages as well as the alterations to alcohol administration had influenced greatly the alcohol policy in Finland (Karlsson et al. 507). Nowadays the social acceptableness of intoxication is diminishing amongst the youth of Finland along with the increased severity of legal penalties for drunk driving. Finns, however, still have repute for weekend tear drinking. Generally, the harmful results of alcohol addiction are divided into chronic and acute effects. Accidents that are caused by single drinking cause are included in acute harmful effects,

Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Health - Essay ExampleBut the definition of health, as defined by WHO is perhaps the most accurate because it primarily focuses on the holistic approach of well being.I prefer this definition because holistic approach to health emphasizes at health care delivery system that accessible, affordable and quality driven. This approach ensures that the preventive actions and awareness greatly facilitates the over altogether well-being of persons. Illnesses are mainly caused due to unseemly diet, unhygienic conditions and lack of awareness regarding healthcare issues and healthy lifestyle. Proper diet and nutrition is essential for a healthy life. A good and balanced nourishment reduces the risk of diseases, especially the lifestyle diseases like obesity, diabetes, blood pressure etc that may prove fatal. Adopting holistic approach through the use of alternative medicines hugely promotes all round welfare of the person because it is based on the principle tat the person needs to feel good to become healthy.In the contemporary surround of pluralistic society, holistic approach has increasingly become important in the changing socio-cultural environment and takes into consideration the wider implication of the environment in which the people live. In the recent times, the market driven health components are increasingly driving the common man towards alternative health medicines which provide them with more holistic healthcare modules at lesser cost.The alternative health medicines incorporate physical, mental and social well-being of the people. They can broadly be defined as a radical of diversified medical and healthcare system and practices that uses non conventional methods of medicines. Ernst et al. have defined as diagnosis, treatment and/or prevention which complements mainstream medicine by contributing to a common whole, by satisfying a demand not met by orthodoxy or by diversifying the conceptual frameworks of medicine (Ernst, 2004). The efficacy of the hea ling is

Altar Cross, 12th century Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Altar Cross, 12th century - Research Paper ExampleThe history of Altar Cross is associated with the Abbey of Bury perfection Edmunds. The Altar Cross is the only handy item of religious significance which contains brief historic record and expression of the followers. The five pieces of walrus tusk immix to form Altar Cross which contains ninety-two figures and ninety-eight inscriptions. The inscriptions on the Altar Cross revealed the hatred shared by Jews against Jesus this cross contains certain statements and inscriptions against Jesus. The historic facts indicate that strong resentment which prevailed among the dwellers in England, and is evidence of the anti-Semitism in the English society. The origin of this cross is with the time frame of 12th century, because it was in thirteenth century when the Jewish were expelled from England. The Altar Cross was reunited with the central plague in fourteenth-century. A group of historian believe that Altar Cross has Catalan or Aragone se origin.The paintings of the few Italians in the period of Medieval and Renaissance confirmed the existence of the crosses in the churches. These crosses were installed in the churches as mark of respect for Jesus. The Altar Cross has been installed upon bandstand in the centre of the altar (Benson, 2003) this position is regarded because of its supreme importance. The cross is widely popular among the followers, and is regarded as simple in design and inexpensive, or most fatten up and valuable (Benson, 2003).The Altar Cross depicts the history of Christianity, and the brutality experienced by the Christians under Jewish command. Christianity has remained victim of desolation, terror, abuse and anguish the Altar Cross is the emblematic representation of all these acts of violence faced by Christians and validates the vigour, zeal and courage with which the community fought and emerged victorious.The inexpensive Altar Cross is made of wood, brass, bronze, copper and pewter (Geo rge, 2003). However with